Coronary artery disease (CAD) ..

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common type of heart disease that occurs when the blood vessels (coronary arteries) that supply blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked. This is usually due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaque on the inner walls of the arteries. The condition is also known as atherosclerosis. Over time, the plaque buildup can reduce blood flow to the heart, leading to various symptoms such as chest pain (angina) or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, and, in severe cases, a heart attack (myocardial infarction).

 

Risk factors for coronary artery disease include:

1.High blood pressure (hypertension)

2.High cholesterol levels

3.Smoking

4.Diabetes

5.Obesity

6.Physical inactivity

7.Family history of heart disease

8.Age (risk increases with age)

9.Poor diet

10.Stress

                                                                                                                                                                             Prevention and management of coronary artery disease involve adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, which includes:

1. Eating a balanced and nutritious diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats while limiting saturated and trans fats, sodium, and added sugars. 

2. Regular physical activity: As well as muscle-strengthening exercises on at least two days per week, aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week. 

3. Not smoking or quitting smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor for heart disease, so quitting is crucial for overall health.

 4. Managing stress: Find healthy ways to cope with stress, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, or hobbies. 

5. Controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels: Work with your healthcare provider to monitor and manage these factors. 

6. Maintaining a healthy weight: If overweight or obese, losing weight can reduce the risk of heart disease.

 7. Taking prescribed medications: If recommended by your doctor, take medications for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or other conditions as prescribed. If you have concerns about coronary artery disease or any heart-related issues, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. They can provide personalized advice based on your medical history and individual health needs.